[Assam] Do people in Assam take any Holy book as from GOD without reservations? The HOLINESS of one BOOK is being put under very revealing scholarly scrutiny in the article pasted here. Part 5 of the article 2.
Bartta Bistar
barttabistar at googlemail.com
Mon Sep 3 02:20:19 CDT 2007
*Who Authored the Qur'an?—an Enquiry*
*Part 5*
*By Abul Kasem <http://www.mukto-mona.com/Articles/kasem/index.htm>*
* *
* *
*Ubayy b. Ka'b *
Ubay b. Ka'b was the personal secretary of Muhammad and one of the six
collectors of the Qur'an. The other five collectors of the Qur'an, according
to ibn Sa'd (ibn sa'd, vol.i, p.457), were:
Muadh ibn Jabal
Abu al-Darda
Zayd ibn Thabit
Sa'd ibn Ubayd
Abu Zayd
Ubayy b. Ka'b was also known as Abu Mundhir. He took the 2nd pledge of Aqaba
along with other ansars from Medina and was one of the first persons in
Medina to accept Islam. He was Muhammad's greatest confidante' and a saviour
in troubled times. Whenever Muhammad would forget some verses of the Qur'an
or he would want some explanation on some verses he would seek the help of
Ubayy. This dependence of Muhammad on Ubayy reflects that he (Ubayy b. Ka'b)
was the real writer of Muhammad's dictations, and Ubayy wrote whatever he
fancied—subject, of course to Muhammad's approval. Residing in Medina, where
a sizeable thriving Jewish community lived, he was profoundly knowledgeable
in Jewish scriptures and Jewish laws. Most likely, he wrote many of the
Medina Suras that deal with Islamic legal provisions. These Medina Suras are
not as poetically enchanting as the Meccan Suras are. This is because Ubayy
b. Ka'b was not really a poet but a politician and a scribe. In fact, he
wrote his own version of the Qur'an which he refused to surrender when,
during Uthman's time, all versions of the Qur'an, except that of Hafsa's
were proscribed and burned. Ubayy b. Ka'b and ibn Masud refused to surrender
their Mushaf (Qur'an written on leaves) and kept them in secret.
We can safely surmise that many Medina Suras were actually written by Ubyy
b. Ka'b with the assistance of other scribes of Muhammad.
It is quite fascinating to note that although Gabriel purportedly brought
the Qur'anic verses to Muhammad, he saw Gabriel in his true form only twice.
This is confirmed from this *Hadis* in *Sahih Bukhari*:
*Volume 6, Book 60, Number 378: *
Narrated Masruq:
I said to 'Aisha, "O Mother! Did Prophet Muhammad see his Lord?" Aisha said,
"What you have said makes my hair stand on end ! Know that if somebody tells
you one of the following three things, he is a liar: Whoever tells you that
Muhammad saw his Lord, is a liar." Then Aisha recited the Verse:
'No vision can grasp Him, but His grasp is over all vision. He is the Most
Courteous Well-Acquainted with all things.' (6.103) 'It is not fitting for a
human being that Allah should speak to him except by inspiration or from
behind a veil.' (42.51) 'Aisha further said, "And whoever tells you that the
Prophet knows what is going to happen tomorrow, is a liar." She then
recited:
'No soul can know what it will earn tomorrow.' (31.34) She added: "And
whoever tell you that he concealed (some of Allah's orders), is a liar."
Then she recited: 'O Apostle! Proclaim (the Message) which has been sent
down to you from your Lord..' (5.67) 'Aisha added. "But the Prophet saw
Gabriel in his true form twice."
Of course, this *Hadis* is confusing and contradictory when we recall that
in other *ahadith* Muhammad claimed that Gabriel visited him many times in
the form other human beings (most notably, in the guise of Dhiya al-Kalbi, a
handsome merchant of Medina). So what prevents him from saying that all
those Qur'an scribes, including Ubayy b Ka'b, were in fact, Gabriel/s in
various forms?
*Aisha*
* *
Bibi Aisha was Muhammad's most favourite wife. He married her when she was
just a child of six years and had sex with her when she was merely nine
years old. The youth, the vivacity, the tenderness, the child-like innocence
and the childhood exuberance—these were the ingredients that consumed
Muhammad's mind in the adoration of Aisha's gullibility. As a child-bride
Aisha was completely dependent on Muhammad's maturity. Like any other child
of her age she believed in whatever Muhammad told her about his divine
inspiration. Muhammad claimed that he used to get revelations from Allah
only when he slept with Aisha. Why Gabriel did not bother to visit him when
he spent nights with other wives in his harem? This is a question very few
Islamic scholars/historians have answered. The truth is: except for Aisha,
all other wives of Muhammad were grown up, matured and had experience with
the trials, tribulations and crookedness of life in general. Some of them
already had grown-up children. It was not so simple for Muhammad to convince
this retinue of women about his communication with Allah via Gabriel. They
would not simply believe so easily in Muhammad's made-up stories. Although
they were forced to live in his harem, nonetheless, they could not, deep in
their mind, endorse all the claims of Muhammad. So, evidently Aisha, with
her child-like simplicity and innocence became Muhammad's source of divine
inspiration! Muhammad was simply playing with a child's mind which tends to
believe all sorts of Ghost and Jinn stories, Santa Klaus, winged horses,
devils, monsters and all mythological and fictional characters. The
following *ahadith* from *Sahih Bukhari* confirms that Allah communicated
with Muhammad only when he slept with Aisha:
Muhammad used to get divine inspiration only in Aisha's bed...3.47.755
*Volume 3, Book 47, Number 755: *
Narrated 'Urwa from 'Aisha:
The wives of Allah's Apostle were in two groups. One group consisted of
'Aisha, Hafsa, Safiyya and Sauda; and the other group consisted of Um Salama
and the other wives of Allah's Apostle. The Muslims knew that Allah's
Apostle loved 'Aisha, so if any of them had a gift and wished to give to
Allah's Apostle, he would delay it, till Allah's Apostle had come to
'Aisha's home and then he would send his gift to Allah's Apostle in her
home. The group of Um Salama discussed the matter together and decided that
Um Salama should request Allah's Apostle to tell the people to send their
gifts to him in whatever wife's house he was. Um Salama told Allah's Apostle
of what they had said, but he did not reply. Then they (those wives) asked
Um Salama about it. She said, "He did not say anything to me." They asked
her to talk to him again. She talked to him again when she met him on her
day, but he gave no reply. When they asked her, she replied that he had
given no reply. They said to her, "Talk to him till he gives you a reply."
When it was her turn, she talked to him again. He then said to her, "Do not
hurt me regarding Aisha, as the Divine Inspirations do not come to me on any
of the beds except that of Aisha." On that Um Salama said, "I repent to
Allah for hurting you." Then the group of Um Salama called Fatima, the
daughter of Allah's Apostle and sent her to Allah's Apostle to say to him,
"Your wives request to treat them and the daughter of Abu Bakr on equal
terms." Then Fatima conveyed the message to him. The Prophet said, "O my
daughter! Don't you love whom I love?" She replied in the affirmative and
returned and told them of the situation. They requested her to go to him
again but she refused. They then sent Zainab bint Jahsh who went to him and
used harsh words saying, "Your wives request you to treat them and the
daughter of Ibn Abu Quhafa on equal terms." On that she raised her voice and
abused 'Aisha to her face so much so that Allah's Apostle looked at 'Aisha
to see whether she would retort. 'Aisha started replying to Zainab till she
silenced her. The Prophet then looked at 'Aisha and said, "She is really the
daughter of Abu Bakr."
Divine inspiration came to Muhammad only when he slept with Aisha...5.57.119
*Volume 5, Book 57, Number 119: *
Narrated Hisham's father:
The people used to send presents to the Prophet on the day of 'Aisha's turn.
'Aisha said, "My companions (i.e. the other wives of the Prophet) gathered
in the house of Um Salama and said, "0 Um Salama! By Allah, the people
choose to send presents on the day of 'Aisha's turn and we too, love the
good (i.e. presents etc.) as 'Aisha does. You should tell Allah's Apostle to
tell the people to send their presents to him wherever he may be, or
wherever his turn may be." Um Salama said that to the Prophet and he turned
away from her, and when the Prophet returned to her (i.e. Um Salama), she
repeated the same, and the Prophet again turned away, and when she told him
the same for the third time, the Prophet said, "O Um Salama! Don't trouble
me by harming 'Aisha, for by Allah, the Divine Inspiration never came to me
while I was under the blanket of any woman amongst you except her."
Aisha did not see Gabriel while Muhammad introduced Gabriel to her…4.54.440
*Volume 4, Book 54, Number 440: *
Narrated Abu Salama:
'Aisha said that the Prophet said to her "O 'Aisha' This is Gabriel and he
sends his (greetings) salutations to you." 'Aisha said, "Salutations
(Greetings) to him, and Allah's Mercy and Blessings be on him," and
addressing the Prophet she said, "You see what I don't see."
Muhammad told Aisha that Gabriel greeted her…8.74.270
*Volume 8, Book 74, Number 270: *
Narrated 'Aisha: that the Prophet said to her, "Gabriel sends Salam
(greetings) to you." She replied, "Wa 'alaihi-s-Salam Wa Rahmatu-l-lah."
(Peace and Allah's Mercy be on him).
The *ahdith* quoted above clearly tells us how cleverly Muhammad used the
innocence and immature mind of a child to claim his divine inspiration. In
fact, Muhammad, himself, composed certain parts of the Qur'an while he slept
with Aisha. *Sahih Bukhari* confirms this:
* *
Muhammad used to recite the Qur'an leaning on a menstruating Aisha…1.6.296
*Volume 1, Book 6, Number 296: *
Narrated 'Aisha:
The Prophet used to lean on my lap and recite Qur'an while I was in menses.
Even Muhammad's Quran'n writer, Zayd b. Thabit admits that some Qur'anic
verses were manipulated. Here is a *Hadis* from *Shahih Bukhari* on this:
Some Qur'anic verses were manipulated (verse 33:23)…5.59.379
*Volume 5, Book 59, Number 379: *
Narrated Zaid bin Thabit:
When we wrote the Holy Quran, I missed one of the Verses of Surat-al-Ahzab
which I used to hear Allah's Apostle reciting. Then we searched for it and
found it with Khuzaima bin Thabit Al-Ansari. The Verse was:--
'Among the Believers are men Who have been true to Their Covenant with
Allah, Of them, some have fulfilled Their obligations to Allah (i.e. they
have been Killed in Allah's Cause), And some of them are (still) waiting" (
33.23) So we wrote this in its place in the Quran.
The above quoted *Hadis *tells us that some verses of the Qur'an were
written by people other than Muhammad's official Qur'an scribes. Please note
that Khuzaima b. Thabit al-Ansari, mentioned in this *Hadis* was not one of
the official Qur'an writers of Muhammad.
In *Sahih Muslim* we read the following *Hadis:*
Muhammad used to recite Qur'an while reclining on the lap of a menstruating
Aisha…3. 0591
*Book 003, Number 0591: *
'A'isha reported: The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) would
recline in my lap when I was menstruating, and recite the Qur'an.
If those references are not convincing enough to demonstrate that Aisha
played a vital role in the authorship of the Qur'an, then this *Hadis* from
*Sahih Muslim* tells us that, Aisha, indeed modified the Qur'anic verses.
This *Hadis* informs us that after Muhammad's death a Qur'an was compiled
exclusively for Aisha. Then Aisha dictated to her scribe a verse of the
Qur'an, claiming that that was how Muhammad used to recite the verse
(2:238).
Here is the Hadis from Sahih Muslim:
*Book 004, Number 1316: *
Abu Yunus, the freed slave of 'A'isha said: 'A'isha ordered me to transcribe
a copy of the Qur'an for her and said: When you reach this verse:" Guard the
prayers and the middle prayer" (ii. 238), inform me; so when I reached it, I
informed her and she gave me dictation (like this): Guard the prayers and
the middle prayer and the afternoon prayer, and stand up truly obedient to
Allah. 'A'isha said: This is how I have heard from the Messenger of Allah
(may peace be upon him).
>From *Sahih Bukhari* we also learn that the two key Suras, *Sura
al-Bakara*(Sura 2) and
*Sura* *an*-*Nisa* (Sura 4) were composed in the presence of Aisha. She also
reveals that the first verse was really about Paradise and Hell--contrary to
the claims of many Islamic historians that it was the first few verses of
Sura al-Alaq (Sura 96). This *Hadis* also informs us that there were a few
versions of the Qur'an, and Aisha had a version with her which was different
from other versions. Could it be that Aisha, herself added or deleted verses
from her version of the Qur'an? Here is the *Hadis*:
How cleverly revelations were changed to suit the purposes...6.61.515
*Volume 6, Book 61, Number 515: *
Narrated Yusuf bin Mahk:
While I was with Aisha, the mother of the Believers, a person from Iraq came
and asked, "What type of shroud is the best?" 'Aisha said, "May Allah be
merciful to you! What does it matter?" He said, "O mother of the Believers!
Show me (the copy of) your Qur'an," She said, "Why?" He said, "In order to
compile and arrange the Qur'an according to it, for people recite it with
its Suras not in proper order." 'Aisha said, "What does it matter which part
of it you read first? (Be informed) that the first thing that was revealed
thereof was a Sura from Al-Mufassal, and in it was mentioned Paradise and
the Fire. When the people embraced Islam, the Verses regarding legal and
illegal things were revealed. If the first thing to be revealed was: 'Do not
drink alcoholic drinks.' people would have said, 'We will never leave
alcoholic drinks,' and if there had been revealed, 'Do not commit illegal
sexual intercourse, 'they would have said, 'We will never give up illegal
sexual intercourse.' While I was a young girl of playing age, the following
Verse was revealed in Mecca to Muhammad: 'Nay! But the Hour is their
appointed time (for their full recompense), and the Hour will be more
grievous and more bitter.' (54.46) Sura Al-Baqara (The Cow) and Surat
An-Nisa (The Women) were revealed while I was with him." Then 'Aisha took
out the copy of the Qur'an for the man and dictated to him the Verses of the
Suras (in their proper order).
*Muhammad b. Abdullah (pbuh)*
There is very little doubt that Muhammad, himself, had composed certain
Qur'anic verses. Nonetheless, due to his shortcoming of being an illiterate
person (as claimed in the Qur'an), he had to engage several scribes to write
down what he invented in his own mind. If one reads the Qur'an carefully one
will not fail to discover many such verses which unmistakably show that it
is Muhammad who is talking in these verse and not Allah--via His postman
Gabriel. Here I have listed a few such verses:
*006.104 * "Now have come to you, from your Lord, proofs (to open your
eyes): if any will see, it will be for (the good of) his own soul; if any
will be blind, it will be to his own (harm): I am not (here) to watch over
your doings."
The words 'I am not a keeper over you' is clearly words of Muhammad.
*006.114 *Say: "Shall I seek for judge other than Allah? - when He it is Who
hath sent unto you the Book, explained in detail." They know full well, to
whom We have given the Book, that it hath been sent down from thy Lord in
truth. Never be then of those who doubt.
The words, 'Shall I seek for judge other than Allah?' are undoubtedly
Muhammad's words.
Please note that the translator Yusuf Ali deliberately inserted the word
"Say" at the outset of this verse. In the original Qur'an there is no "Say"
(Kul in Arabic). Here are the translations by Pickthal and Shakir, another
two authoritative Qur'an translators.
*PICKTHAL:* Shall I seek other than Allah for judge, when He it is Who hath
revealed unto you (this) Scripture, fully explained? Those unto whom We gave
the Scripture (aforetime) know that it is revealed from thy Lord in truth.
So be not thou (O Muhammad) of the waverers.
*SHAKIR:* Shall I then seek a judge other than Allah? And He it is Who has
revealed to you the Book (which is) made plain; and those whom We have given
the Book know that it is revealed by your Lord with truth, therefore you
should not be of the disputers.
And here is the transliteration:
114. Afaghayra All*a*hi abtaghee *h*akaman wahuwa alla*th*ee anzala ilaykumu
alkit*a*ba mufa*ss*alan wa*a*lla*th*eena *a*tayn*a*humu alkit*a*ba
yaAAlamoona annahu munazzalun min rabbika bi*a*l*h*aqqi fal*a* takoonanna
mina almumtareen*a*
*019.009 * He said: "So (it will be) thy Lord saith, 'that is easy for Me: I
did indeed create thee before, when thou hadst been nothing!'"
Here an angel (or Muhammad?) is talking not Allah.
*019.064 *(The angels say:) "We descend not but by command of thy Lord: to
Him belongeth what is before us and what is behind us, and what is between:
and thy Lord never doth forget,-
Here Gabriel (or Muhammad?) is talking and not Allah.
*037.164 *(Those ranged in ranks say): "Not one of us but has a place
appointed;
* 037.165 *"And we are verily ranged in ranks (for service);
* 037.166 *"And we are verily those who declare (Allah's) glory!"
Here the angel (or Muhammad?) is talking and not Allah.
*051.050 *Hasten ye then (at once) to Allah: I am from Him a Warner to you,
clear and open!
Here an angel (or Muhammad?) is talking and not Allah.
*053.002 *Your Companion is neither astray nor being misled.
Muhammad is not being misled: Isn't Muhammad talking here?
*070.040 *Now I do call to witness the Lord of all points in the East and
the West that We can certainly-
* 070.041*Substitute for them better (men) than they; And We are not to be
defeated (in Our Plan).
Isn't Muhammad talking here?
*086.017 *Therefore grant a delay to the Unbelievers: Give respite to them
gently (for awhile).
Isn't Muhammad talking here?
The most important of verses in the Qur'an, that is, *Sura al-Fateha* (Sura
1) is definitely Muhammad's (or some other poet's) creation. Please read
this Sura carefully:
*001.001* In the name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful.
*001.002 *Praise be to Allah, the Cherisher and Sustainer of the worlds;
* 001.003 *Most Gracious, Most Merciful;
* 001.004 *Master of the Day of Judgment.
* 001.005 *Thee do we worship, and Thine aid we seek.
* 001.006 *Show us the straight way,
* 001.007 *The way of those on whom Thou hast bestowed Thy Grace, those
whose (portion) is not wrath, and who go not astray.
Readers should carefully note that there is no mention of "Say" (Kul in
Arabic) at the beginning of this verse. So, who is praying to Allah in this
Sura? Is Allah asking himself (Allah) to pray to Himself? What a ridiculous
situation, come to think of it! This conundrum is immediately resolved when
we realise that it was none but Muhammad who is asking his followers to pray
to Allah. Chronologically, this Sura is one of the first 5 Suras (it is the
5th, or 6th. according to some) of the Qur'an. This was a time when Muhammad
was just starting out preaching his own brand of 'Hanifism' (Islam) and he
composed this verse (some say by imitating some Jewish liturgy) for his
handful of followers.
If further strong evidence is needed to prove that Muhammad had, indeed,
composed certain verses of the Qur'an then this *Ummul Qur'an* (Sura
Fateha), the seven most oft repeated verses stand out as the glaring example
of that confirmation.
And how did Muhammad behave when people wanted to see how Allah's
revelations came to him? Here is a *Hadis* from *Sahih Muslim* that tells us
clearly that Umar used to shelter (read hide) Muhammad under a piece of
cloth-cover and Muhammad used to sleep, snorting like a camel (and
pretending that Allah was talking to him). Some people were curious and
peeped through the covering and this was what they saw:
During revelation Umar used to cover Muhammad with a piece of cloth and
Muhammad snorted like a camel …7.2654 (Sahih Muslim)
*Book 007, Number 2654: *
Ya'la b. Umayya reported on the authority of his father (Allah be pleased
with them) that a person came to the Apostle of Allah (may peace be upon
him) as he was at Ji'rana and he (the person) had been putting on a cloak
which was perfumed, or he (the narrator) said: There was a trace of
yellowness on it. He said (to the Holy Prophet): What do you command me to
do during my Umra? (It was at this juncture) that the revelation came to the
Apostle of Allah (way peace be upon him) and he was covered with a cloth,
and Ya'la said: Would that I see revelation coming to the Apostle of Allah
(may peace be upon him). He (Hadrat 'Umar) said: Would it please you to see
the Apostle of Allah (may peace be upon him) receiving the revelations 'Umar
lifted a corner of the cloth and I looked at him and he was emitting a sound
of snorting. He (the narrator) said: I thought it was the sound of a camel.
When he was relieved of this he said: Where is he who asked about Umra? When
the person came, the Holy Prophet (may peace be upon him) said: Wash out the
trace of yellowness, or he said: the trace of perfume and put off the cloak
and do in your 'Umra what you do in your Hajj.
That was how Allah talked to Muhammad--through the 'bleating' of a camel!
*A blind man corrects the Qur'an and Allah!*
* *
Lastly, as a final proof that Muhammad corrected/inserted/deleted the
contents of a verse as situation demanded and/or as people requested, here
is the example of Ibn Umm Maktum, a blind man of Mecca. He requested
Muhammad to correct a verse to exempt a blind person to join in a *Jihad*.
This blind man used to listen to Muhammad's preaching and wanted to discuss
with him certain aspects of Islam. However, Muhammad, at first, ignored him,
but later he became very remorseful for neglecting this blind man. So Allah,
in Sura al-Abasa (He frowned) (Sura 80, chronological order 24) reproached
Muhammad. Ibn Umm Maktum eventually converted to Islam and became a very
close companion of Muhammad. When Muhammad exhorted the superiority of those
who participates in Jihad or Holy war this blind man was reluctant to
participate in such fighting and wanted an exemption. During the writing of
this verse (4:95) Muhammad forgot about the blind man. So Ibn Umm Maktum
reminded him of his case. Accordingly, Muhammad quickly changed his verse.
Here are two *ahadith* from *Sahih Bukhari* on how Ibn Umm Maktum changed
Allah's mind!
Muhammad called for Zayd to write his revelations (4:95)...6.60.117
*Volume 6, Book 60, Number 117: *
Narrated Al-Bara:
When the Verse:-- "Not equal are those of the believers who sit (at home)" (
4.95) was revealed, Allah Apostle called for Zaid who wrote it. In the
meantime Ibn Um Maktum came and complained of his blindness, so Allah
revealed: "Except those who are disabled (by injury or are blind or lame..."
etc.) (4.95)
Here is another version of the said *Hadis:*
Muhammad quickly changed a verse to accommodate the request of a blind man
joining a Jihad (4:95)…6.61.512
*Volume 6, Book 61, Number 512: *
Narrated Al-Bara:
There was revealed: 'Not equal are those believers who sit (at home) and
those who strive and fight in the Cause of Allah.' (4.95)
The Prophet said, "Call Zaid for me and let him bring the board, the inkpot
and the scapula bone (or the scapula bone and the ink pot)."' Then he said,
"Write: 'Not equal are those Believers who sit..", and at that time 'Amr bin
Um Maktum, the blind man was sitting behind the Prophet . He said, "O
Allah's Apostle! What is your order For me (as regards the above Verse) as I
am a blind man?" So, instead of the above Verse, the following Verse was
revealed:
'Not equal are those believers who sit (at home) except those who are
disabled (by injury or are blind or lame etc.) and those who strive and
fight in the cause of Allah.' (4.95)
And here is a similar *Hadis* from *Sahih Muslim*:
*Book 020, Number 4676: *
It has been narrated on the authority of Abu Ishaq, that he heard Bara'
talking about the Qur'anic verse:" Those who sit (at home) from among the
believers and those who go out for Jihad in the way of Allah are not aqual"
(iv. 95). (He said that) the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him)
ordered Zaid (to write the verse). He brought a shoulder-blade (of a
slaughtered camel) and inscribed it (the verse) thereon. The son of Umm
Maktum complained of his blindness to the Holy Prophet (may peace be upon
him). (At this) descended the revelation:" Those of the believers who sit
(at home) without any trouble (illness, incapacity, disability)" (iv. 95).
The tradition has been handed down through two other chains of transmitters.
.* Conclusion*
The Holy Qur'an is not authored by almighty Allah. Allah, if He ever
existed, must be busy with many other important matters. He has no time to
write an incoherent, ambiguous, repetitive, erroneous scripture to guide
mankind. A few ambitious and opportunistic persons, in the name of Allah
gathered together under the tutelage of Muhammad to construct the Qur'an by
adapting, amending and outright plagiarizing other scriptures and heresy of
the time. This they did to advance and perpetuate their political ambition
to dominate the then Arabian peninsula, and later, many other peaceful
countries. Qur'an is the handiwork of a few cunning persons—an attempt to
fool the gullible world—a deliberate effort to impose Arab superiority. All
Muslims must learn the Arabic language to be able to recite the Qur'an and
to offer prayers, adopt Arabic name and conform to Islamic (read Bedouin
Arab) culture. This is naked Arab imperialism in the guise of propagating
the message of the 'Holy Qur'an'. Any Islamic Paradise will confirm to what
I have written just now. When the undeniable truth about the authorship of
the Qur'an and its hidden scheme is clearly understood, this Arab
imperialism by the stealth stands out to be the main agenda of the Qur'an.
*Epilogue:** *A few readers have requested me to show sample verses from the
Qur'an which have similarities with Zayd b Amr's poetry (see Part 3/5). I
have decided to compose an appendix on this matter. This appendix will be
posted in about a week's time. So, stay tuned—Abul Kasem, November 30, 2004
*Bibliography*
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by A. Guillaume; first by published by Oxford University Press, London in
1955; fifteenth reprint by Oxford University Press, Karachi, Pakistan, 2001.
Ibn Sa'd, Abu Abd Allah Muhammad, *"Kitab al-Tabaqat,"* vol i, translated
in English by S. Moinul Haq, Kitab Bhavan; 1784, Kalam Mahal, Daraya Ganj,
New Delhi, India, 1972.
Ibn Sa'd, Abu Abd Allah Muhammad, *"Kitab al-Tabaqat,"* vol ii, translated
in English by S. Moinul Haq, Kitab Bhavan; 1784, Kalam Mahal, Daraya Ganj,
New Delhi, India, 1972.
Ibn al-Kalbi, Hisham, *"The Book of Idols (Kitab Al-Asnam),"* translated in
English by Nabih Amin Faris, Princeton University Press, 1952. [
http://www.answering-islam.org/Books/Al-Kalbi/index.htm ]
al-Misri, Ahmed ibn Naqib, *"Raliance of the Traveller ('Umdat
al-Salik),"*revised edition, translated by Nuh Ha Mim Keller, Amana
Publications,
Bettsville, Maryland, 1999.
* *
*Appendix<http://www.mukto-mona.com/Articles/kasem/quran_origin_appendix.htm>
*
] [A <http://www.mukto-mona.com/Articles/articles.html>
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